Adjectives
Adjectives denote the qualities of persons, animals, objects and events.
They are classified into the following categories:
Qualitative | They can be compared ( |
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Relational | They cannot be compared | |
Possessive |
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Declension of adjectives
Adjectives are always declined to agree with the nouns they describe.
ten pekný muž tá pekná žena to pekné dieťa
- The ending used for the masculine gender is -ý.
- The ending used for the feminine gender is -á.
- The ending used for the neuter gender is -é.
Aký je dom? - Dom je vysoký. Aká je ruža? - Ruža je pekná. Aké je srdce? - Srdce je červené.
Note: In dictionaries, adjectives are traditionally written in the nominative singular masculine form (
Adjective declension models:
These two declensions are very similar. The difference is a soft ending used for the declension of
Singular | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
N | pekn-ý | pekn-á | pekn-é | cudz-í | cudz-ia | cudz-ie |
G | pekn-ého | pekn-ej | pekn-ého | cudz-ieho | cudz-ej | cudz-ieho |
D | pekn-ému | pekn-ej | pekn-ému | cudz-iemu | cudz-ej | cudz-iemu |
A |
|
pekn-ú | pekn-é |
|
cudz-iu | cudz-ie |
L | pekn-om | pekn-ej | pekn-om | cudz-om | cudz-ej | cudz-om |
I | pekn-ým | pekn-ou | pekn-ým | cudz-ím | cudz-ou | cudz-ím |
Plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine (living) | Others | Masculine (living) | Others | |||
N | pekn-í | pekn-é | cudz-í | cudz-ie | ||
G | pekn-ých | pekn-ých | cudz-ích | cudz-ích | ||
D | pekn-ým | pekn-ým | cudz-ím | cudz-ím | ||
A | pekn-ých | pekn-é | cudz-ích | cudz-ie | ||
L | pekn-ých | pekn-ých | cudz-ích | cudz-ích | ||
I | pekn-ými | pekn-ými | cudz-ími | cudz-ími |
Model
The model of páví is used to decline animal adjectives. The suffixes remain long and the rhythmic rule is not observed.
Singular | |||
---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
N | páv-í | pávia | páv-ie |
G | páv-ieho | páv-ej | páv-ieho |
D | páv-iemu | páv-ej | páv-iemu |
A |
|
páv-iu | páv-ie |
L | páv-om | páv-ej | páv-om |
I | páv-ím | páv-ou | páv-ím |
Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|
Masculine (living) | Others | ||
N | páv-í | páv-ie | |
G | páv-ích | páv-ích | |
D | páv-ím | páv-ím | |
A | páv-ích | páv-ie | |
L | páv-ích | páv-ích | |
I | páv-ími | páv-ími |
Model words
The declensions of otcov and matkin are used for possessive adjectives.
Singular | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
N | otcov | otcov-a | otcov-o | matkin | matkin-a | matkin-o |
G | otcov-ho | otcov-ej | otcov-ho | matkin-ho | matkin-ej | matkin-ho |
D | otcov-mu | otcov-ej | otcov-mu | matkin-mu | matkin-ej | matkin-mu |
A |
|
otcov-u | otcov-o |
|
matkin-u | matkin-o |
L | otcov-om | otcov-ej | otcov-om | matkin-om | matkin-ej | matkin-om |
I | otcov-ým | otcov-ou | otcov-ým | matkin-ým | matkin-ou | matkin-ým |
Plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine (living) | Others | Masculine (living) | Others | |||
N | otcov-i | otcov-e | matkin-i | matkin-e | ||
G | otcov-ých | otcov-ých | matkin-ých | matkin-ých | ||
D | otcov-ým | otcov-ým | matkin-ým | matkin-ým | ||
A | otcov-ých | otcov-e | matkin-ých | matkin-e | ||
L | otcov-ých | otcov-ých | matkin-ých | matkin-ých | ||
I | otcov-ými | otcov-ými | matkin-ými | matkin-ými |
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular: |
||
ON | ||
ONA | ||
ONO | ||
Plural: |
||
ONI | ||
ONY |
According to the model of
According to the model of
Comparison of adjectives and adverbs
Comparison can be regular or irregular. Irregular comparison is only used for the following five adjectives (and their derived adverbs):
All other adjectives and adverbs are compared regularly.
Regular comparison
The comparative degree of adjectives is formed using the ending -ší/-ejší ?. The superlative degree is formed by adding the prefix naj- to the comparative degree.
1. degree |
ľahký
easy
|
šikovný
clever
|
---|---|---|
2. degree |
ľahší
easier
|
šikovnejší
cleverer
|
3. degree |
najľahší
easiest
|
najšikovnejší
cleverest
|
Adverbs are compared in the same way. The only difference is that for the comparative degree we use the ending -šie/-ejšie ?. For the superlative degree we again add the prefix naj- to the comparative degree.
1. degree |
ľahko
easily
|
šikovne
cleverly
|
---|---|---|
2. degree |
ľahšie
more easily
|
šikovnejšie
more cleverly
|
3. degree |
najľahšie
most easily
|
najšikovnejšie
most cleverly
|
Irregular comparison
1. degree | 2. degree | 3. degree |
---|---|---|
dobrý
/
dobre
good / well
|
lepší
/
lepšie
better / better (more well)
|
najlepší
/
najlepšie
best / best (most well)
|
zlý
/
zle
bad / badly
|
horší
/
horšie
worse / worse (more badly)
|
najhorší
/
najhoršie
worst / worst (most badly)
|
malý
/
málo
small / few/little
|
menší
/
menej
smaller / less
|
najmenší
/
najmenej
smallest / least
|
veľký
/
veľa
large / many/much
|
väčší
/
viac
larger / more
|
najväčší
/
najviac
largest / most
|
pekný
/
pekne
nice / nice
|
krajší
/
krajšie
nicer / nicer
|
najkrajší
/
najkrajšie
nicest / nicest
|
Comparison
1. degree | 2. degree | 3. degree |
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